| In present scenario biodiesel has
been accepted as clean alternative fuel by most of the developed
& developing countries. Countries like USA, France, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, Czechoslovakia,Austria & other European & Asian countries have put a major thrust on production of biofuel from vegetable oil through extensive research & development. Biofuel can be used as fuel for diesel engines (as either B5-a blend of 5% biodiesel for High speed diesel or B20 or B100). Brazil uses ethanol as 100% fuel in about 20% of vehicles & 25% blend with gasoline in the rest of the vehicles. USA uses 10% ethanol-gasoline blends whereas a 5% blend is used in Sweden & Australia.India is no exception. Extensive experimentation by Ministry of Non-conventional Energy source. |
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| Indian Oil Co., Mahindra & Mahindra & other private entrepreneurs through their research & studies had demonstrated that Jatropha & Karanja oil could be a low cost appropriate feed stock for production of biofuel in the operation of Diesel Engines. In recent times, Indian Railways have successfully tested biofuel produced from Jatropha Oil blended (10%) with petrodiesel. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
What is Biodiesel? Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional or "fossil" diesel. Biodiesel meets most of chemical /physical standard of petrodiesel & being plant based, it does not emit sulphur/CO on burnllig & are non-toxic, non-polluting, bio-degradable & environment friendly. With no sulphurdioxide emission & unbumt hydro-carbons, biodiesel is an ideal fuel for heavily polluted cities. Biodiesel derived from the tree bourne oil & fats of plants like Jatropha curcas, Sunflower, Rapeseeds, Palm, Karanj ect. Can be used as a substitute or an additive to petrodiesel. Biodiesel can also be processed from animal fats & used vegetable oils. As an alternative fuel, biodiesel can provide power similar to conventional petrodiesel & this can be used safely in diesel engines without any modification of the currently used diesel engines. Like Mercedez, Daimler Chrysler & other renowned Automobile manufacturers like Mahindra & Mahindra, Tata Motors in India have by now extended the engine warranty on use of biodiesel in their vehicle. |
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Description of Biodiesel & it’s uses: The proposed product to be made in OUR plant is BioDiesel. Biodiesel is a domestically produced, renewable fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant oils. Biodiesel is safe, biodegradable, and reduces serious air pollutants such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and toxic chemicals. Blends of 20% biodiesel with 80% petroleum diesel (B20) is generally used in unmodified diesel engines. Biodiesel can also be used in its pure form (B100). Biodiesel (fatty acid alkyl esters) is a cleaner-burning diesel replacement fuel made from natural, renewable sources such as new and used or non-edible vegetable oils. Just like petroleum diesel, biodiesel operates in compression ignition engines. Using biodiesel in a conventional diesel engine substantially reduces emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide,sulfates,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. These reductions increase as the amount of biodiesel blended into diesel fuel increases. The best emissions reductions are seen with B100. The use of biodiesel decreases the solid carbon fraction of particulate matter (since the oxygen in biodiesel enables more complete combustion to CO2) and reduces the sulfate fraction (biodiesel contains less than 24 ppm sulfur), while the soluble, or hydrocarbon, fraction stays the same or increases. Therefore, biodiesel works well with new technologies such as diesel oxidation catalysts (which reduce the soluble fraction of diesel particulate but not the solid carbon fraction). Emissions of nitrogen oxides increase with the concentration of biodiesel in the fuel. Some biodiesel produces more nitrogen oxides than others and some additives have shown promise in modifying the increases. More R&D is needed to resolve this issue. Biodiesel has physical properties very similar to conventional diesel. |
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Biodiesel's Physical Characteristics:
Biodiesel is packed in 35 kg carboys, 225 kg MS Barrels and Bulk in Tankers. |
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How is Biodiesel Made? Biodiesel fuel can be made from new, used or non-edible vegetable oils, which are non-toxic, biodegradable, renewable resources. Oils are chemically reacted with methanol to produce chemical compounds known as fatty acid methyl esters. Biodiesel is the name given to these esters when they are intended for use as fuel. Glycerol (used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, among other markets) is produced as a co-product. Biodiesel can be produced by a variety of esterification technologies. The oils are filtered and preprocessed to remove water and contaminants. If free fatty acids are present, they can be removed or transformed into biodiesel using special pretreatment technologies. The pretreated oils are then mixed with methanol and a catalyst (usually potassium hydroxide). The oil molecules(triglycerides) are broken apart and reformed into esters and glycerol, which are then separated from each other and purified. Approximately 55% of the biodiesel industry can use any oil feedstock,
including recycled cooking oils. The other half of the industry
is limited to vegetable oils the least expensive of which is jatropha
oil. The jatropha oil industry has been the driving force behind
biodiesel commercialization in India because of large production
capacity, product surpluses, and declining prices. Similar |
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Biodiesel Benefits and it's Limitations: 1. Biodiesel is a substitute or extender for traditional petroleum diesel and you don't need special pumps or high pressure equipment for fueling. In addition, it can be used in conventional diesel engines, so you don't need to buy special vehicles or engines to run biodiesel. 2. Scientists believe carbon dioxide is one of the main greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. Pure biodiesel (100 percent biodiesel) reduces carbon dioxide emissions by more than 75 percent over petroleum diesel. Using a blend of 20 percent biodiesel reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 15 percent. 3. Biodiesel also produces fewer particulate, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide emissions, all targeted as public health risks by the Environmental Protection Agency. Biodiesel contains only trace amounts of sulfur, typically less than the new EPA standards that will go into effect in 2006 for diesel fuel. 4. Since biodiesel can be used in conventional diesel engines, the renewable fuel can directly replace petroleum products; reducing the country's dependence on imported oil. 5. Biodiesel offers safety benefits over petroleum diesel because it is much less combustible, with a flash point greater than 150°C, compared to 77°C for petroleum diesel. It is safe to handle, transport, and store, and has a higher flash point than petroleum diesel. It can also be stored in diesel tanks and pumped with regular equipment except in colder weather, where tank heaters or agitators may be required. 6. Biodiesel mixes readily with petroleum diesel at any blend level, making it a very flexible fuel additive. 7. Biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel, so it contributes to a more complete fuel burn and a greatly improved emissions profile. The more biodiesel used in a blend, the higher the emission reductions. One of the unique benefits of biodiesel is that it significantly reduces air toxic that are associated with petroleum diesel exhaust and are suspected of causing cancer and other human health problems. NOx emissions are an exception to the rule, since biodiesel tends to increase NOx emissions. Recent research has shown a number of ways to mitigate this problem. You can use biodiesel in most engines made after 1994
with some limitations: |
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Applications It is commonly used as fuel for stationary diesel engine like Pump sets and other agricultural implements and also in Diesel cars. The most important factor in production of BIODIESEL is meeting the National & International standards set for Biodiesel. This is where the crux and importance of the Process Technology and Equipment design lies. This should be well understood by all concerned before selecting the processing plants and the brains behind. Standards Pure biodiesel (B100) needs to meet the requirements of ASTM D6751 to avoid engine operational problems.
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| Transport information Safe for air, sea and road freight. As good or as bad as mineral Diesel. Personal protection Sfety glasses, adequate ventilation. Water wash and Shower bath.Biodiesel is not a hazardous compound but during the operation of the process, operators are suggested to take precautions as in any other chemical and pharmaceutical plants. Consumer Safety BioDiesel is used as substitute for Diesel and all safety precautions are same as that of Petroleum diesel. Alternative Fuels Incentives and Laws These are being formulated. In fact a national biodiesel policy is awaited where there is supposed to be many concessions for this industry. Biodiesel is plant based oil processed from TBO (Tree borne oil) that is oil seeds of various plants such as Soyabean,Sunflower,Rapeseed,Ground nut,Palm,Neem,Karanj and even from Animal fats like Lard,Tallow and other fats and oils. Keepig with the KYOTO PROTOCOL,GLOBAL WARMING & ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION issues and shortages of mineral fuels,skyrocketing Crude oil prices ,a global revolution has started in production of ECO FRIENDLY ENERGY such as ELECTRICITY from wind mills & Hydel power or bio gas based power generation plants,SOLAR ENERGY,HYDROGEN CELLS, FUEL OILS to Replace PETROL & DIESEL through production of BIO ETHANOL & BIODIESEL. In India,we are already using PETROL doped with 5% ETHANOL from 2003 and the ultimate aim is to go for ETHANOL blends upto 20% by 2012.Likewise,all mineral diesel used by INDIAN RAILWAYS,STATE TRANSPORTS,POWER GENERATING PLANTS,and ALL OTHER INDUSTRY will be using upto a blend of 20% BIODIESEL by 2012 and ultimate aim is to completely replace MINERAL DIESEL in due course.Requirement of BIODIESEL,therefore,is HUGE- potential is immense. |
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Sources of Biodiesel Production & Technology Buy Biodiesel Reactor Global Warming & Pollution |
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